New Halogen Lamps

Irradiance of Horizontal Quartz-Halogen Standard Lamps

Spectral irradiance calibrations often require that irradiance standard lamps be oriented differently than the normal calibration orientation used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and at other standards laboratories. For example, in solar measurements the instruments are generally upward viewing, requiring horizontal working standards for minimization of irradiance calibrat...

Small quartz halogen lamps for immunofluorescence microscopy.

Performance of Halogen Incandescent MR16 Lamps and LED Replacement

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Dichroic Halogen Lamps - unsuitable as UV lighting for reptiles

Ordinary incandescent lamps (with a tungsten filament) produce no ultraviolet light. Recently a range of lamps which do emit significant and useful amounts of UV light have become available. Specialist fluorescent tubes, compact fluorescent lamps and mercury vapour lamps, all designed to emit UVA and UVB light in varying amounts, are now on sale worldwide. Over the last year, those of us writin...

A New Type of Halogen–Halogen Bonds

The interactions between the two CX3 groups in perhalogenated ethanes, X3C–CX3 are studied, with X3C–CX3 = H3C–CH3, F3C–CF3, F3C–CCl3, and Cl3C–CCl3. Utilising the recently developed method for revealing non-covalent interactions in molecular systems by Johnson et al. [1], a previously overlooked non-covalent interaction between halogens attached to opposite carbon atoms is unearthed. Further i...